It is useful in identifying broken warp threads.

The main function of the heald shaft is as follows: It is decided by the drafting plan of a weave. The number of heald shafts depends on the warp repeat of the weave. The heald shafts are also known as ‘heald frames’ or ‘heald staves’. It carries a number of heald wires through which the ends of the warp sheet pass. The heald shaft is made of wood or metal such as aluminum. This part is related to the shedding mechanism. From the temples, the cloth passes over the breast beam/front rest 11, partly around the sand or emery roller K, over the steel roller, or tension rod L, and then on to the cloth roller M. Passing forward, the cloth is held at each side by a temple 10 which holds the cloth fell out to the width of the warp yarn, in the reed.

It may be considered as the point where the warp and weft become cloth because it is at this point where the last pick of weft, which was left by the shuttle, becomes beaten up. In the figure, two warp ends are represented as being in the same dent.Īt the point 9 is what is known as the ‘Cloth fell’. Usually, two ends pass between one tooth and the next-this space being termed “dent”. The warp ends next pass through the reed 8, this being comprised of a flat wire comb with the teeth secured at both ends. The healds consist of heald wires with eyes at the center through which the warp ends are passed, the warp ends being thus controlled in their upward and downward movement. Odd numbered pass through the front heald 7, and the even numbered ends pass through the back heald 6. Leaving the lease rods, the warp ends next pass through the healds. The lease rods also assist in forming an even shed. Therefore, the warp is completely divided as it passes through the lease rods, and facilitates the straightening of any warp ends which may break and become entangled before they reach the healds 6 and 7.

Those warp ends which pass under the back lease rod pass over the front lease rod 5 and ends from over the back lease rod pass under the front lease rod. One half of the warp end now passes under the back lease rod 4, and the other half passes over this rod. The warp after leaving the weaver’s beam 1 passes over two bars 2 and 3 connected by a bracket at each end. The passage of warp through a loom is shown in the figure.

Loom weaving